Directional dependence of subsurface electrical resistivity. Critical for interpreting EM data because vertical and horizontal resistivity influence fluid movement differently. Full anisotropy not only includes horizontal and vertical directions but also in arbitratry direction to account for dipping beds.
A structured commercial mechanism where ETI takes a small equity or royalty position in a CCUS, EOR, or geothermal project in exchange for monitoring and technical support.
The initial EM/CSEM measurements taken before injection or production activity begins, thus establishing a reference for time-lapse comparisons. If the injection has already started, Baseline can be established at any stage thereafter.
Electromagnetic measurements acquired inside a wellbore. They include logging measurements, crosswell electromagnetics, surface-to-borehole/borehole-to-surface, longspaced borehole-to-borehole measurements. Logging vertical resolution is up to 2 feet (specialized tools go up to 6 inches). For all other measurements, resolution depends on receiver spacing, and methodology chosen (i.e.: frequency or time domain). Using special workflows, you can enhance the surface-to-borehole resolution to reach borehole logging resolution. This provides high-fidelity resistivity and anisotropy data that calibrate larger 3D EM models.
A geophysical method using an active EM transmitter and multiple receivers to image subsurface resistivity variations, enabling detection of fluids like CO₂, hydrocarbons, or geothermal and lithium brines.
Capturing CO₂ from industrial sources and storing it underground in a secure geological formation.
Same as CCS, but includes utilization of CO₂, such as using the CO₂ to drive the reservoir fluids towards the producer well in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency well classification for CO₂ geologic storage. Requires robust MMV (Monitoring, Modeling, and Verification).
Baker Hughes’ monitoring and reporting platform for CO₂ storage, integrating EM, seismic, and borehole data into a unified MRV-ready dashboard.
The degree to which injected fluids move through the reservoir as intended. Poor conformance leads to bypassed oil and wasted CO₂. It is a crucial aspect of enhanced oil recovery that involves controlling the flow of fluids to improve the oil production recovery factor.
Demonstration that injected CO₂ remains within the permitted storage reservoir and does not migrate into unintended zones.
A process that uses brines to extract lithium. EM imaging identifies brine structure and conductivity.
A geophysical technique that uses electromagnetic waves to measure subsurface resistivity to detect fluids and map reservoir behavior.
ElectroMagnetic Geo Services ASA. A marine acquisition contractor (global leadrer) that collects CSEM, and magnetotellurics (MT). ETI collaborates with EMGS to extend its EM solutions offshore and also to derive mutal benefit in our activities.
The global shift toward low-carbon energy systems, including CCUS, geothermal, hydrogen, and renewable energy technologies.
Techniques that increase oil extraction from mature fields. CO₂-EOR injects CO₂ to improve sweep and recovery.
The process of visualizing subsurface fluid movement—CO₂, oil, water, or brine—through EM and borehole-calibrated inversion.
A naturally occurring underground system containing hot water, steam or hot dry rock, that can be used for electricity generation or heating.
Mathematical reconstruction of subsurface resistivity from measured EM data to the geologic model. ETI uses 3D anisotropic inversion calibrated to borehole logs.
Combining multiple data types—EM, borehole logs, seismic—into a single subsurface model for reducing model ambiguity.
Subsurface saltwater enriched with lithium. EM imaging helps map brine structure and potential extraction zones.
Offshore EM surveying performed using vessels, electromegnetic transmitters, and seafloor receivers. Allows imaging of deepwater reservoirs or offshore CO₂ storage sites.
Documentation process for regulatory compliance and carbon credit validation, often including third-party verification.
Subsurface pathways where fluids move more easily. Identified through EM and used to optimize geothermal or EOR well placement.
Visualization of injected CO₂ distribution and movement over time using EM imaging and time-lapse comparisons.
Data-driven understanding of fluid behavior, reservoir heterogeneity, and conformance, enabling operators to optimize performance.
Quantifying the amount of CO₂, oil, water, or brine in a reservoir using the fractional fluid content that is derived from the resistivity interpretation (from EM data). Usually, a saturation equation is used such as Archie's Law or anisotropic saturation equations.
Geophysical imaging using acoustic waves. 4D seismic tracks changes over time. Integrated with EM to create an enhanced picture of the reservoir.
ETI’s worflow for tying high-fidelity borehole resistivity logs to broad-area EM data, dramatically improving interpretation accuracy.
Measurement of how effectively injected fluids push hydrocarbons toward production wells. Usually measured as pore volume fraction of hydrocarbons being swept.
Repeated EM surveys comparing baseline and subsequent measurements to detect reservoir changes over time.
The revenue opportunity available to ETI across CCUS, EOR, geothermal, and mineral imaging markets.
We use cookies to analyze website traffic and optimize your website experience. By accepting our use of cookies, your data will be aggregated with all other user data.